The N1 Haplogroup Y-Chromosome is present in less than 1% of males from the Iberian world (Hispanic and Lusophone countries), and is generally the N1C1 (formerly N3A) Finno-Ugric subclad from the Baltic Region of Northern Europe. It is believed that this Y-Chromosome came to the Iberian peninsula by way of Varagian Viking raiders and merchant traders during historical times rather than pre-historic times. It is known that formal diplomatic relations where established between the Emirate of Cordova and the Varagian Viking Kingdom following the 844 CE Battle of Seville, which the Emirate of Cordova decisively won after the Iberian Peninsula, including regions now located in modern Portugal and Spain, suffered a series of costly raids and battles won by Varagian Vikings along coastal regions.

Those of Varagian descent, in addition to having the N1C1 Y Chromosome, typically have a combination of DYS459A:9 and DYS459B:9 values plus are SNP L550 (+). There are two groups that are SNP L550 (+) within N1C1, a South-Baltic Branch and a Scandinavian Branch, that diverged from the Russian-Finnish (Karelian) branch around 200 BCE. Phylogenetically, the Iberian N1C1 Y Chromosome most resembles the Scandinavian Branch.

Flores, Carlos; Maca-Meyer, Nicole; González, Ana M; Oefner, Peter J; Shen, Peidong; Pérez, Jose A; Rojas, Antonio; Larruga, Jose M et al. (2004). "Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: implications for population demography". European Journal of Human Genetics 12 (10): 855