FAQ
1. How to add my ancestor clan/tribe title?
The following screenshot image will describe the steps to add your sample clan/tribe surnames and the origin country info:
2. Why it’s important for the project members to share their DNA information through public page results and how this can be done?
It’s preferable that members DNA information’s are set to be shown visible on the page results so the public viewers able to check any matching probabilities also these datasets useful to do researches analysis, this can be done by the following screenshot image which describe the steps:
3. What are the genomic terminologies of the “Ancestry-informative markers (AIM)” and the “Biogeographical ancestry (BGA)”?
Ancestry-informative markers are sets of polymorphisms for a particular DNA sequence that appear in substantially different frequencies between populations from different geographical regions of the world. Ancestry-informative markers can be used to estimate the geographical origins of the ancestors of an individual typically by continent of origin (Africa, Asia, or Europe). [a]
The biogeographical ancestry (BGA) of a trace or a person/skeleton refers to the component of ethnicity, constituted of biological and cultural elements, that is biologically determined. Nowadays, many individuals are interested in exploring their genealogy, and the capability to distinguishbiogeographic information about population groups and subgroups via DNA analysis plays an essential role in several fields such as in forensics.
The best way to assign an individual into a particular population via genetic testing is to use ancestry informative markers (AIMs) –markers characterized by essential differences in allele frequencies between populations. As proposed by several studies (for example 6–25), short tandem repeats (STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels), and microhaplotypes can be used as AIMs for ancestry inference. However, autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms are the best choices due to their inherent stability, high density of genome-wide distribution, and pronounced frequency. [b]
a. Defined by National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) / NIH
4. What is an ethnicity/population “Reference Panels”?
In order to infer ancestry from ancestral populations, first a set of reference populations must be constructed as proxies for those ancestral populations. The first step is collecting samples from populations that are potentially suitable (i.e., distinct enough with adequate sample size). The next step is discovering population structure: which populations are actually distinct, which samples are unadmixed, and which reference populations have enough samples after screening. Finally, we need to hierarchically group the new reference population set into super-populations so that global and local ancestry methods can be seamlessly combined. [a]
a. FamilyTreeDNA “myOrigins 3.0” White Paper.
5. How to identify Gedrosian genetic clusters?
It’s believed that the current release of the “myOrigins 3.0” might have used the Gedrosian HGDP samples (Makrani, Balochi & Brahui) as a reference panel for the region of West Central Asia “Indus Valley”.
[a]