For extensive testing on the Y-chromosome, please consider the Big Y700 test. Family Tree DNA has built an extensive tree linking all next generation-sequenced Y chromosomes in the world, using results from the Big Y. More recently (2022), Family Tree DNA has rolled out its "Discover" toolkit, which includes an algorithm for accurately estimating the age of different branches and connections, as well as several new tools to visualize relationships between different kits.

Notably, both Family Tree DNA and YFull age estimate algorithms date a large share of Sephardi-Ashkenazi connections to the mid-to-late 1st millennium CE (500-900 CE).

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See our project in the Jerusalem Post. Schelly Talalay Dardashti wrote an excellent article "When Oral History meets Genetics."

http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=2&cid=1206632365879&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull