Welcome to the J2a-Z6065 Project at FTDNA!

This project is aimed for kits with confirmed or predicted J2a-Z6065 Y-DNA.

Outline of the state-of-the-art knowledge about J-Z6065

Figure 1: Distribution of J-Y13341

Origins:

The formation of J-Z6065 took place at 13.9k years BP and its TMRCA is 13.3k years [1] (see references below). According to the ancient DNA data and the modern distribution of its branches, the most likely place of origin of Z6065 is somewhere around the Armenian Highlands, Northern Mesopotamia, Eastern Anatolia or the Upper Zagros. So we are dealing with an ancestor who lived in the Late Mesolithic, in a transect of time and space which is very close to the first known appearance of Neolithic societies.

Ancient DNA:

de Barros Daamgard 2018 [2]:

• MA2212: This sample comes from the Ovaören-Topakhöyük site, Early Bronze Age II (~2200 BCE) of central Anatolia (Hattian period). Its autosomal composition shows a higher degree of Iran_Neolithic-related ancestry than the rest of Early Bronze Age samples from Central Anatolia [3][4]. It belongs to the clade J-Y9268 [5] (see phylogeny below).

Lazaridis 2022 [10]:

• I3930 ARM_Masis_Blur_N (6665±25 BP, PSUAMS-3057): J-Y13341
• I17183 ARM_Keti_LBA (3050±20 BP, PSUAMS-7897): J-FGC15895 (according to our independent variant calling on this sample, we think it could be J-YP879, with: CTS454+, FGC15889+, FGC15893+, FGC15906+, FGC15918+, FGC15918+, FGC15921+, FGC15922+ at the J-YP879 level and Y105252- at the J-Y83702 level).
• I4238_all IRN_DinkhaTepe_BIA_B (2950±15 BP, PSUAMS-2770): J-Z7515
• I10542 TUR_Marmara_Ilıpınar_ChL (4730±25 BP, PSUAMS-7729): J-Z7515
• I14765 TUR_E_Van_Urartian (850-750 BCE): J-YP879
• I4474 TUR_SE_Mardin_RomByz (1395±20 BP, PSUAMS-4210): J-YP879

Phylogeny:

For the sake of simplicity, we can sketch the basic phylogenetic structure of J-Z6065 as follows:

• Z6065 [formed at 13.9ky BP, TMRCA =~ 13.3k]

  • FGC15782~Y13341) [formed at 13.3ky BP, TMRCA =~ 10.8k]

    • Basal stuff [several splits from 13.3 to 9.5ky BP]

      • FGC15865(~YP879) [formed at ~9.5ky BP, TMRCA =~ 4.3k]

  • Y8522(~Y7687) [formed at 13.3ky BP, TMRCA =~ 13.0k]

    • Y7702 [formed at 13.0k ybp]

      • Y7702* [formed at ~13.0ky BP]

      • M47 [TMRCA =~ 4.6k]

    • Z39478(~Y9268) [formed at 13.0ky BP, TMRCA =~ 8.7k]

Now let us provide a brief description of these clades:

J-Y7702*:

This new branch has been recently discovered (2020) in a person from Kuwait.

J-M47:

This is the best known J-Z6065 branch. Its maximum phylogenetic diversity is found within Mesopotamia, the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia. Its major branch J-SK194 seems to be specially constrained to that region, with some minor branches in Armenia, Iran, South Asia, Anatolia and Europe derived from it. The minor branch J-Y37636 seems to have more phylogenetic diversiy out of the aforementioned region, with representatives in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey (specially Dérsim) and Lebanon.

    • M47
        ◦ SK194 (~Y7715) [formed at 4.6 ky BP, TMRCA =~ 3.8k]
        ◦ Y37636 (~Y3740) [formed at 4.6 ky BP, TMRCA =~ 3.7k]

A remarkable fact about M47 is the strong bottleneck of ~8.5k years that it shows from 13.0 ky BP to 4.6 ky BP. We would like to know if there is any pre-M47 out there!

J-Z39478:

At the first split of this lineage we find the rare J-P81, which is found in Meskhetian Turks, Lazs, Pontic Greeks and Armenians. Overall, the maximum phylogenetic diversity of this branch seems to be shifted towards the north of the Armenian Highlands, pointing to the Colchis region.

Below we find the rare position J-BY32946* (~Z43661), with just one representative known, who is from in Poland.

The next split J-BY32912 is found in Armenians in Georgia, Turkey, Algeria and England. Again, the maximum phylogenetic diversity of this branch seems to point to the north of the Armenian Highlands.

Finally we have J-BY32938, which is found in Great Britain and, derived from here, in the United States. We can observe a big empty space in the time transect delimited by its formation time and its TMRCA. Filling this space with new branches could help to clarify the origin of this clade in the island.

J-FGC15865 (~J-YP879):

This is the major J-FGC15782 subclade. After a strong bottleneck of ~5k years from its formation at 9.3 ky BP to its estimated common ancestor at 4.3 ky BP, we observe a star-like burst representing a very succesful demographic explosion of the lineage in a short interval of time. The maximum observed phylogenetic divesity is found in Armenians, although it is also high in Saudi Arabia. It is also found in low frequencies in Iran, the Persian Gulf, Georgia, central and western Anatolia (including Pontic Greeks), in an Assyrian from Nor Artagers (Armenia) (Assyrian4, Sample id: GS000013751-ASM) [6][7] and in the Mediterranean arch of Europe. In terms of frequency, this is the main Armenian J2a subclade [6]. Again we wonder, is there any pre-YP879 out there?

Within Europe we find two big clusters in the Iberian Peninsula and Italy. The Iberian cluster (Spain, México, Cape Verde, Cuba and the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes) is confirmed to be downstream of J-BY58067 The members of the Italian cluster are distributed along central and southern Italy.

J-FGC15782 basal stuff:

Here we have a plethora of branches splitting at different levels from 13.3 ky BP to 9.5 ky BP which are, in general, poorly known due to lack of observed structure, infra-testing of the considered samples or both.

At the basal level we have J-FGC15877(xFGC15895), found in Saudi Arabia and Iran, and J-Z7509 which is found between druzes from Lebanon and Syria and in Pakistan.

Below we have J-BY186473, which is found in the Armenian Highlands, Anatolia, the Persian Gulf and all along the Mediterranean, reaching Central Europe and the British Islands.

References:

[1] The source of all the time estimations is: https://www.yfull.com/tree/J-Z6065/

[2] de Barros Damgaard, Peter, et al. "The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia."Science 360.6396 (2018): eaar7711.

[3] http://open-genomes.org/analysis/PCA/nMonte/getNmonte.html?id=MA2210-penalty-0-limit-0.2-pre-Bronze_Age

[4] http://open-genomes.org/analysis/PCA/nMonte/getNmonte.html?id=MA2212-penalty-0-limit-0.2-pre-Bronze_Age

[5] http://www.open-genomes.org/genomes/de%20Barros%20Damgaard%20(2018)%20horse%20herders/MA2212/Y/

[6] https://j2-m172.info/2015/09/j2a-z6065-still-much-to-discover-for-m47-p81-z7532/

[7] Karmin, Monika, et al. "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture." Genome research 25.4 (2015): 459-466.

[8] https://plotly.com/~F_Blanco/44/

[9] https://isogg.org/tree/

[10] Lazaridis, Iosif, et al. "The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe."Science (2022).