The two first kits of the Mat(t)hia family members descending one from Pomerania and another one from Warmia showed no genetic connection between these two lines. To gain more confidence in the result it would be advised to test more males from these two lines to eliminate any possibility of non-paternity events or surname changes along the line. The result shows that either the surname emerged independently, with unrelated men adopting the biblical name, or alternatively, if “the Matiaker” theory holds true, that the surname was adopted by a group of males related socially but not necessarily genetically.