Haplogroups are clusters of Haplotypes (expressed as exact or near exact 12 or 25 marker matches) that are in a tight proximity to each other. Expressed another way Haplotypes are subsets of a Haplogroup. Think of the Haplotypes as the leaves of a tree, and the Haplogroups as the limbs of a tree…
R1b Western Europe
R1a Eastern Europe
I Nordic
J2 Semitic
E3b Semitic
Q3 Native American
Elbla African
This is great information that comes from the DNA test- even if you do not find a match - knowing where your family came from is an answer many of us seek.

One of our group members Mr.James Musselman (Mosiman)has done some extensive testing for specific genes. He had his DNA tested as well as facilitated testing for some Singer/Senger and Binkley (Bingelli) group members to test for genes U152 and Z36. The following is a theory that Mr. Musselman is developing:

"The results for the Z36 testing for the Singers and Binkleys (groups A and B) are in and all are positive.

The results mean that it is very probable that the Mosimanns,  Binggelis and Zengers had a common forefather who lived during the very late High Middle Ages. I know that some Binggelis claim that the family lived in Italy before moving to Switzerland to escape religious persecution. There could be some truth to that. U152 (and it looks like Z36) is very prevalent in northern Italy. I have not yet found any evidence of the surname Binggeli in Italy, but surnames were not very well established in the Alpine region before 1500. I am testing a theory that our forefather may have been a Waldensian (or more accurately, Vaudois) who found sanctuary in the secluded valleys of the Swiss Oberland. The Vaudois date back to the 9th Century in the valleys west of Turin, Italy and were heavily persecuted during the inquisition."